Solar Power 
What is a Photovoltaic (PV) system?
Solar power is using the sun’s light to produce electrical energy—otherwise known as Photovoltaics (PV for short). It is pronounced “photo-voll-tay-icks” and, literally, means “solar electric”.
Groups of PV cells are wired together to make up a PV module (or panel). When you place several modules together in one unit, this is called a "PV array". The term "PV system" refers to every piece that is used to create energy or assist in its delivery to your site. So in addition to the PV array(s), a complete system requires the installation of other equipment such as a charge controller, an inverter, wiring, batteries and more.
 Here is a simplified explanation of the process of creating electricity using the sun: The sun’s rays shine upon PV cells inside the array. The PV cells are made up of a semiconductor material which is usually a high-grade crystalline silicon. Light energy absorbed by the PV cells cause electrons to be “knocked loose” in the silicon. The “loose” electrons begin to flow in the form of electricity known as DC power (Direct Current). Since all [non-mobile] homes and businesses run on AC power (alternating current), it must be converted before it can be properly utilized for these purposes. That's where a piece of equipment appropriately named an "inverter" comes in to play. Once the AC conversion is complete, your home, business or industry can use the electricity, as needed.
In some cases, you will have batteries on-site in order to store some of this energy for later use. A charge controller is used to prevent your batteries from being overcharged, as well as preventing them from completely discharging.
For a bit more investment, you can choose to have a PV un-interruptible power supply (UPS), which allows you to use your batteries during a power outage.
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